Sunday, 18 April 2010

Apis Newsletter April 19, 2010




Dear Subscribers,

There was precious little Spring in Gainesville, FL after the record cold snap that lasted way longer than it should, followed by a second flush of pollen from pines and oaks. The azaleas were spactacular after the cold weather.  We are rapidly inching upward into the 80s now.  The next concern is tornados and rainfall in an el niño year.    Tornados are typically stronger and rainfall in the summer can be reduced resulting in more wild fires. Bees are swarming and the orange flow is continuing although we have  little information on the final outcome of the season.

Lots of information coming out of Australia, now facing small hive beetle, while concerns about Apis cerana and Varroa continue.  The situation is forcing a re-evaluation of Australian Honey Bee Imports.  Comments are being collected until early May.

Mite treatments are also in flux.  Mite-Away Quick Strip Access in the United States - DELAYED   According to the MiteAway folks, "We have had a decision from California Department of Pesticide Regulation.  A Section 18 registration will not be pursued due to the Section 18 registration of Hivestan being in place, which is in effect until October of this year.  This decision took California two months to reach.  Also, due to the requirements of Section 18 emergency registrations and the Hivestan registrations currently in place in 15 states, EPA has determined that a Section 18 will not be allowed elsewhere.  I was told by my contact at EPA that there 'has to be a lack of viable alternatives', and there has to be the occurrence of a “non-routine event”, in order to allow a Section 18 registration.  The current varroa toolbox includes 2 thymol products, Apistan, Hivestan, Check-Mite+, and the EPA even talked about the illegal use of Amitraz.  Also, formic acid in the form of Mite-AwayII™ is registered.  The EPA does not see the need for another emergency registration."

Colony Collapse Disorder appears to have returned to California, "DAVIS, Calif.—After several mild years, colony collapse disorder has resurfaced in California leaving a substantial number of beekeepers reeling from the loss of bee colonies, according to Eric Mussen, apiculturist with the University of California at Davis. The California State Beekeepers Association estimates between 30 percent and 80 percent of the state’s bees have been lost so far, reported the Fresno Bee."  There continues to be disagreement about the cause of this malady.  Some novel ideas are being looked at.  Stay tuned.

Bee Loss Survey Concludes:  The Bee Loss survey conducted for the fourth year in a row by the Apiary Inspectors of America, the United States Department of Agriculture, and Penn State University concluded on April 16, but my guess is there will still be time to submit some data if interested.

Beekeeping legalized in New York City:  It was a long time coming, but finally reason prevailed:  "The New York City Board Of Health today ended the Giuliani-era ban on beekeeping in NYC! A very minimal level of regulation has been imposed, so we have good reasons to celebrate."

Pollinator Conference: Register Now for the International Conference on Pollinator Biology, Health and Policy Hosted by The Center for Pollinator Research at Penn State UNIVERSITY PARK, Pa. – The first International Conference on Pollinator Biology, Heath and Policy is being hosted by the Penn State Center for Pollinator Research on July 24-28, 2010 at the University Park campus. The abstract submission deadline is May 15, 2010, and the early registration deadline is June 1, 2010. Registration is limited to 300 people.  See the Global Calendar for details

New Diesel Truck Regulations:   "On Dec. 12, 2008, the California Air Resources Board (ARB) approved a new regulation to significantly reduce emissions from existing on-road diesel vehicles operating in California. The regulation requires affected trucks and buses to meet performance requirements between 2011 and 2023. By Jan. 1, 2023, all vehicles must have a 2010 model year engine or equivalent.  At the board hearing held on Dec. 9, 2009, the ARB directed staff to propose amendments to the Truck and Bus Regulation that would provide additional flexibility for fleets adversely affected by the economy. For operators with fewer than three trucks, the requirements for retrofit is delayed until January 1, 2014. For those with more than three trucks, the regulations begin March 30, 2010. Besides retrofit requirements, there are requirements to file certain forms with the ARB. For complete information, all operators should visit the California Air Resources Web site at www.arb.ca.gov/dieseltruck."  Brought to you by the American Beekeeping Federation, which is rolling out an electronic newsletter to its membershttp://abfnet.org.

Impact of Pesticides on Bees:  "Conclusions/Significance: The 98 pesticides and metabolites detected in mixtures up to 214 ppm in bee pollen alone represents a remarkably high level for toxicants in the brood and adult food of this primary pollinator. This represents over half of the maximum individual pesticide incidences ever reported for apiaries. While exposure to many of these neurotoxicants elicits acute and sublethal reductions in honey bee fitness, the effects of these materials in combinations and their direct association with CCD or declining bee health remains to be determined." 

Social Media at Extension.org:  The Bee Health extension site  has adopted the following social media strategy: Develop a YouTube Channel http://www.youtube.com/BeeHealth (Dr. Jamie Ellis at the University of Florida http:ufhoneybee.com is the first contributor); Develop a Facebook, Twitter, and Second Life presence; Interaction/promotion of content on beekeeper web forums such as beesource.com; Inclusion of content on Wikipedia.org, with references back to eXtension.org   (Dr. Jamie Ellis at the University of Florida is the first contributor)

See April's selected links ; these and others are also linked to the blog.

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Gleanings from the April 2010 edition of Bee Culture:

Remember that Bee Culture is now available in a digital edition.

Alan Buckley, Portola Valley, CA writes that it's never too late to begin to prepare for almond pollination and suggests getting a written contract for2011 now.  This  might work for a few more years until the pollinationless  almond comes  on the market.  Oops!  Kent Williams "A Mid South Beekeeper" urges  beekeepers to consider developing regional queens.  So does Chris Baldwin whos advocates letting bees be bees and reconsiders keeping wild insects in a human-made box.  Abbas Edun says he will give anyone writing him (17 Samuel Teitel court, Scarborough, ONT M1X 1sL Canada) information on "curl leaf mountain mahogany"(Cercocarpus ledifolius).  John Straub, Winnetka, IL wonders whyno one seems to be looking at sodium diacetate (SDA)  for AFB and EFB control.  Chester Ferguson asks who will receive the most ELAP (emergency loan program funding) , suggesting bees from Australia is the only way.  Jim Cowan says long-term record keeping pays off; his tried and true beekeeping practices have returned, but he's not sure  why.  Jerry Ballman, Millersville, MD writes that use of scale hives goes a long way back and believes that bees and flora fall out of synch as postulated by Dr. Wayne Esaias.  Dean Stiglitz, Leominister, MA takes issue with Jennifer Berry's writings about "global warming," suggesting that "climate change" in a constantly-evolving phenomenon.  Donald Chandler, Virgilina,VA (e-mail: coss@pure.net) is trying to get in touch with Pat Wagner of apitherapy fame.  Stephen march is a fan of 1/2 inch hardware cloth, which he says prevents a multitude of sins.  Mary El len Kirkpatrick counsels looking for mice if snakes are found checking out a hive and Kees Kolff, Port Townsend, WA strongly suggests counting your blessings  and zippers when working bees.

It's worth checking the honey report this month, with a new chart showing production in state from 1909 to 2009.  Note too the differences in imported sweet entering the country.

Editor Flottum  in the Inner Cover publishes some surprising statistics on farm land loss in the last 10 years.  He also attended the latest Tri-County meeting at The Ohio State University Bee Lab in Wooster, OH.  A record turnout as noted in last month's Apis newsletter, including the Governor's wife.

New for beekeepers this month are two books, The Wisdom of the Bees and The Quest for the Perfect Hive.  Mellifera millinery creations of both veils and hats and beezerkbelts  and a beekeepers tool belt are listed as well.

Clarence Collison takes a look at brood pheromone and its affect on foraging.  Read the three major ones  and why they are important.  This is important information for anyone keeping bees.

Hazel Freeman examines in depth the  origin of the movie "Yulee's Gold," and its basis, the Ogeechee tree.  Read about her journeys along the banks of the Apalachicola winding up in "Wewa" for a chat with Don Smiley.

Mark Hoffman continues his appreciating Langstroth series from 1848 through 1853.  Read the signifance of the Eureka moment on the streets of philadelphia and the events leading up to publication of Langstroth on the Hive  and the Honey Bee.

Ross Conrad discusses the proven road to treatment-free bees.  Read about going from 2 to 1 and then 1 to zero treatments with proven technologies.

Jim Tew reflects on top bar hives.  Read what he considers disadvantages and advantages of this system.  More and more people are gravitating toward this system it seems and are asking thoughtful questions about it.
 
Dewey Caron describes the history and current status of GloryBee Foods http://glorybee.com.  Read about the firms educational efforts, including sponsoring the Western Apicultural Society (WAS) meeting in Salem Oregon August 30 through September 2.

Larry Connor poses three answers to the question of how to purchase bees;  read the difference between installing package bees, nuclei (nucs) and full-sized colonies.  He also provides some good advice about possibly free bees.

Ed Simon suggests making a "Cloake Board" and provides detailed sketches and advice on building this useful device.  It is designed to provide an alternative for "small-scale beekeepers wo want to raise queens but can't afford to dedicate one colony as a cell builder."

Al Avitable and Diana Sammataro provide readers with an alternative, indirect way to install a package.  Read about their modified "Hansen" method and also tips  on ensuring that drifting is minimal in an apiary.

Read an abstract of the mega American Beekeeping Federation meeting in Orlando; over 850 attended.  New officers were elected and the President's award was given to Liz Vaenoski of Clinton, WI.

Abbas Edun writes that Apricot, Avocado and Absinthe are excellent natural remedies.  Read her description of these important plants.

Ann Harman urges those talking to folks who aren't beekeepers to provide relevant, important information.  She says there are plenty of resources out there on this subject, including the extension bee health site.

Peter Seiling
provides plans for making the simplest hive. Read the many uses this hive can be used for, including swarm traps.

Janno Daniel Lewis and Dave Tarpy suggest those traveling this summer to EAS in Boone, NC, take in the North Carolina Zoological Park in Asheboro.  It seems the honey bee exhibit "The Honey Bee Garden" is a must see. 

Read the creative entries submitted for "swarm stories in only six words."  Among the notables, "Pulled branch hard, bees on head," and "Don't position ladder directly under swarm." Send yours in response to the following  statements: "That honey tastes like......," and "The weather last winter where I was, was so bad......"

In "All the News That Fits" read about how the honey market will pass 1.9 million tons by 2015, how bees warn hive mates of danger, and the award won by Eric Mussen, University of California, Davis' irrepressible extension beekeeping specialist.

Finally, Ed Colby in the Bottom Board provides a review of the December 2009 Colorado State Beekeepers Association meeting in Longmont. I was glad to personally meet him at that event.
 
Sincerely,


Malcolm T. Sanford
beeactor@apisenterprises.com
http://apis.shorturl.com

Bee sure to subscribe to Catch the Buzz, Bee Culture's latest releases of importance to beekeepers.  Also access the Apis Information Resource Center , which contains archived articles, listing of  posts on blogs, web sites, and links to related materials.  .

CATCH THE BUZZ - POLLINATOR & PESTICIDE SYMPOSIUM IN NY

CATCH THE BUZZ

Pesticide/Pollinator Symposium At Alfred State in Alfred, New York In July

A steady decline in pollinator species has been noted for decades. Additionally, the increasing loss of honey bee colonies suffered by the commercial beekeepers that provide pollination services to commercial growers indicates that many food supplies are imperiled. This symposium introduces attendees to some of the recent findings related to honey bee and pollinator losses.

Presenting from Penn. State University/Center for Pollinator Research:
Maryann Frazier, Pennsylvania state extension entomologist - A survey of recent research     findings regarding honey bee health.
Dr. James Frazier, Professor, Department of Entomology - Synergistic and sublethal effects of pesticides on honey bees.

Presenting from the USDA-ARS Honey Bee Pollination Lab in Tucson, Arizona:
Dr. Gloria DeGrandi-Hoffman, Research Director - Do pesticide contaminants alter the microflora in healthy honey bee colonies?
Dr. Diana Sammataro - Beneficial lactic acid bacteria microflora of honey bees.
Dr. Kirk Anderson - Microbiota in the stored food sources of social insects.
Dr. Mark Carroll - Varroa mite attractants; potential solution for varroa mite/viral challenges to honey bees.

The Symposium will be July 22, 2010. 10 AM - 11:30, 1 PM - 4 PM. Alfred State SUNY College of Technology, 10 Upper College Drive, Alfred, NY.

There is no cost to attend; we do however require registration through the New York Sustainable Agriculture Working Group at the following e-mail - nysawg@gmail.com or at 716-316-5839. Include name, affiliation (eg. Grower, researcher/college , beekeeper/organization, etc), and phone # or e-mail address.Note: For those wishing to bring a picnic lunch, a designated area will be announced at the meeting.

This Symposium is Sponsored by Alfred State SUNY College of Technology/Institute for Sustainability; The Western New York Honey Producers Association; The New York Sustainable Agriculture Working Group; and Bee Culture - the Magazine of American Beekeeping.


Find out What’s New At Mann Lake right Here

Protein feeding pays off with better bee health, better survival, better production, and better wintering.  Learn More.

Subscribe to Malcolm Sanford’s Apis Newsletter right here For a comprehensive listing of beekeeping events around the country and around the globe, check out Bee Culture’s Global Beekeeping Calendar

This message brought to you by Bee Culture, The Magazine Of American Beekeeping, published by the A.I. Root Company.

 Got a NO BUZZ ZONE? Can’t keep bees where you live, or know someplace that beekeepers can’t be? Send me an email, with NO BUZZ in the subject line and tell me where, with your first and last name…Bee Culture Magazine, thedailygreen.com and Haagan Daz Ice Cream want to know. Send to Kim@BeeCulture.com today!

 

 

Thursday, 15 April 2010

CATCH THE BUZZ - USDA ELAP Program Improves

CATCH THE BUZZ

USDA Assistance for beekeepers is easier, better and faster

by Alan Harman  

 

USDA announced today that it will accept applications for the Emergency Assistance for Livestock, Honeybees and Farm-Raised Fish Program (ELAP) for losses that took place in calendar years 2008 and 2009.

   ELAP sign-up ended on Dec.10, 2009, for 2008 losses and on Feb. 1, 2010, for 2009 losses. However, because of changes to program eligibility provisions, the Farm Service Agency (FSA) is accepting late-filed applications for 2008 and 2009 livestock, honeybees, and/or farm-raised fish losses through May 5, 2010.

   ELAP, authorized in the 2008 Farm Bill, provides emergency assistance to eligible producers of honeybees that have losses due to disease, adverse weather or other conditions, including losses due to blizzards and wildfires.

   ELAP assistance is for losses not covered under other Supplemental Agricultural Disaster Assistance programs established by the 2008 Farm Bill, specifically the Livestock Forage Disaster Program, the Livestock Indemnity Program and the Supplemental Revenue Assistance Payments Program. ELAP is being implemented to fill in the gap and provide assistance under other conditions determined to be appropriate.

   ELAP eligibility provisions have been amended for honeybee producers.

   The modifications include allowing honeybee producers who did not replace their honeybees or fish that were lost due to a natural disaster to be eligible for ELAP payments based on the fair market value of the honeybees that were lost.

   In addition, the requirements to document losses for honeybee producers who suffered losses due to Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD) were modified to allow documentation by an independent third party for losses in 2010 through Sept. 31, 2011. Producers can self certify losses due to CCD for 2008 and 2009.

   For more information or to apply for ELAP and other USDA Farm Service Agency disaster assistance programs, please visit your FSA county office or www.fsa.usda.gov.

Protein feeding pays off with better bee health, better survival, better production, and better wintering.  Learn More.

 

Find out What’s New At Mann Lake right Here

Subscribe to Malcolm Sanford’s Apis Newsletter right here For a comprehensive listing of beekeeping events around the country and around the globe, check out Bee Culture’s Global Beekeeping Calendar

This message brought to you by Bee Culture, The Magazine Of American Beekeeping, published by the A.I. Root Company.

 

Got a NO BUZZ ZONE? Can’t keep bees where you live, or know someplace that beekeepers can’t be?

 

Send me an email, with NO BUZZ in the subject line and tell me where, with your first and last name…Bee Culture Magazine, thedailygreen.com and Haagan Daz Ice Cream want to know. Send to Kim@BeeCulture.com today!

 

 

Central Beekeepers Alliance : Central Beekeepers Meet 11 May 2010

Central Beekeepers Alliance : Central Beekeepers Meet 11 May 2010


Central Beekeepers Meet 11 May 2010

Posted: 14 Apr 2010 10:13 AM PDT

The next regular monthly meeting of the Central Beekeepers Alliance will be held on May 11th at the Agricultural Research Centre on the Lincoln Road.

Tuesday, 11 May 2010
Central Beekeepers Alliance Meeting
Agricultural Research Centre, Fredericton, NB
7:30 p.m.

New beekeepers and “interested others” are welcome to join us, to learn more about beekeeping, and maybe find out if keeping bees is right for you!

Central Beekeepers Meet 11 May 2010 was written and published by the Central Beekeepers Alliance - Honey Bees & Beekeeping in New Brunswick, Canada. For more information, please visit http://cba.stonehavenlife.com.

Friday, 9 April 2010

Central Beekeepers Alliance : Are Honey Bees Hooked on Caffeine and Nicotine?

Central Beekeepers Alliance : Are Honey Bees Hooked on Caffeine and Nicotine?


Are Honey Bees Hooked on Caffeine and Nicotine?

Posted: 08 Apr 2010 04:00 PM PDT

Have you noticed your honeybees buzzing around the coffee grounds in your compost pile on a warm day in early spring? it turns out, there may be a reason for this common behaviour — the bees might be seeking a hit of caffeine!

Researchers at the University of Haifa-Oranim have learned that bees are attracted to nectar with microscopic amounts of caffeine or nicotine. Is this evolution’s way of getting bees addicted to certain plants that contain those substances?

Flowers produce nectar, a sweet substance composed of mostly sugars, as a way of attracting pollinators to the plant. But some species of plants produce nectar that contains very tiny amounts of substances known to be toxic. The garden perennial Nicotiana, also known as “flowering tobacco,” for example, has tiny amounts of nicotine in its nectar, and caffeine is present in small concentrations in the nectar of citrus flowers, especially grapefruit flowers.

Bees are attracted to nectar with microscopic amounts of caffeine or nicotine… Is this evolution’s way of getting bees addicted to certain plants?

The research team at the Department of Environmental and Evolutionary Biology and the Department of Science Education of the University of Haifa-Oranim, headed by Professor Ido Izhaki, have discovered that bees actively prefer the “addictive” nectar over “clean” nectar.

While it’s difficult to know for sure whether the addictive substances in nectar evolved as a way to make pollination more efficient, they say, the study does suggest that “the plants that survived natural selection are those that developed ‘correct’ levels of these addictive substances, enabling them to attract and not repel bees, thereby giving them a significant advantage over other plants.” Whether the bees actually become addicted to nicotine and caffeine, however, is still a matter for future study.

Photo credit: ‘Spring‘ by: David McLeish
Released under an Attribution-ShareAlike License

Are Honey Bees Hooked on Caffeine and Nicotine? was written and published by the Central Beekeepers Alliance - Honey Bees & Beekeeping in New Brunswick, Canada. For more information, please visit http://cba.stonehavenlife.com.

  • No Related Post

Thursday, 8 April 2010

CATCH THE BUZZ - Movento Cancelled...Kind Of

CATCH THE BUZZ

Movento Cancelled. Kind of.

From Mary Clock-Rust

 

By Bill Pritchard

EPA Cancels Spirotetramat Registrations,
   Could Issue New Approval for the Insecticide

 

The Environmental Protection Agency has issued a final order
   cancelling the registration of all products containing the
   insecticide spirotetramat following a federal court decision vacating
   the 2008 registration because EPA had failed to follow proper
   notice-and-comment procedures.

   Although the agency is canceling the registration in accordance with
   the December 2009 ruling by the federal court in New York, EPA also
   said it is proceeding on a possible new registration of spirotetramat
   because it appears to be less risky than alternative pesticides.
   EPA said in the April 5 order that it will allow sale, distribution,
   and use of existing stocks by persons other than spirotetramat's
   registrant, Bayer CropScience. “Use of existing stocks is permitted
   provided such use is consistent in all respects with the
   previously-approved labeling for the product,” it said.
   The agency also said it is proceeding on a possible new registration
   of spirotetramat.

 Bayer CropScience developed the insecticide to combat crop pests such
   as aphids, whiteflies, scales, mealybugs, and gall midges in crops
   including vegetables, cotton, and soybean, according to the company
   website. The chemical is the active ingredient in the Bayer
   CropScience products Movento, Spirotetramat Technical, and Ultor.

   Possible New Registration of Product
   EPA said it is treating as new the applications for spirotetramat
   registration that Bayer CropScience filed in 2008. EPA said it is
   also reviewing public comments submitted since the court vacated the
   registration and will “determine whether the spirotetramat
   applications for registration should be granted [and] what license
   conditions and label language would be appropriate.”

   The pesticide “appears to be less risky to the environment and to
   human health than many of the alternative insecticides used on the
   sites for which spirotetramat was approved,” it said.

   The U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York in
   December upheld claims by the Natural Resources Defense Council and
   the Xerces Society that the agency failed to publish Federal Register
   notices or provide for public comment before approving the pesticide
   (NRDC v. EPA, S.D.N.Y., No. 09cv4317, 12/23/09; 247 DEN A-6, 12/30/09).

   In a fact sheet on spirotetramat, EPA said that it “did not publish a
   notice of registration in the Federal Register for any of these
   decisions until August 6, 2009, three months after the plaintiffs
   filed this lawsuit,” according to court documents.
   In a March 22 statement, the NRDC also called spirotetramat a
   “bee-toxic pesticide” that should not be sold until its effects are
   evaluated.

   “We remain hopeful” that the insecticide will ultimately be
   registered, Bayer CropScience spokesman Jack Boyne told BNA April 7.
   “It's a very effective product.”

  The company has asked the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second
   Circuit to review the district court's order. The circuit court has
   yet to schedule a hearing, according to its docket, but last month it
   denied the company's motion to stay the district court's ruling
   pending appeal (NRDC v. EPA, 2d Cir., No. 10-253, motion denied
   3/10/10).

  Comments Favor Spirotetramat
   EPA said slightly less than 90 percent of the remarks submitted
   during a Feb. 26-March 29 comment period following the court ruling
   favored continued use and distribution of existing stocks of the
   insecticide. Those remarks “cited a number of situations in which
   spirotetramat has replaced older, more toxic chemistries, including
   organophosphates and carbamates,” the agency said.

   For example, the Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture said “there
   is no justification to burden businesses, and individuals currently
   in possession of products thought to be properly registered,”
   according to a March 4 EPA publication, “Spirotetramat—Comments
   received on the sale, distribution, and/or use of existing stocks.”

   The National Potato Council said that “providing for the continued
   use of existing stocks of spirotetramat is critical to not needlessly
   disrupting the on farm decision making process due to procedural
   issues in the legal system and with no demonstration of evidence
   against the safety of the use of spirotetramat.”

 Threat to Honey Bee Colonies?
   However, the National Honeybee Advisory Board said the pesticide
   “represents a threat to insect pollinators and specifically managed
   honey bee colonies.” The board asked EPA to “require the registrant
   (Bayer) to recall all existing product.”

   Aaron Colangelo, a senior attorney for the Natural Resources Defense
   Council, said in the organization's March 22 statement that “our
   national bee emergency continues, with estimates of winter colony
   losses topping 30 percent again this year. We simply cannot afford to
   run an unregulated experiment on the pollinators that are central to
   our food system.”


Protein feeding pays off with better bee health, better survival, better production, and better wintering.  Learn More.

 

 Find out What’s New At Mann Lake right Here

Subscribe to Malcolm Sanford’s Apis Newsletter right here For a comprehensive listing of beekeeping events around the country and around the globe, check out Bee Culture’s Global Beekeeping Calendar This message brought to you by Bee Culture, The Magazine Of American Beekeeping, published by the A.I. Root Company.

Got a NO BUZZ ZONE? Can’t keep bees where you live, or know someplace that beekeepers can’t be?

Send me an email, with NO BUZZ in the subject line and tell me where, with your first and last name…Bee Culture Magazine, thedailygreen.com and Haagan Daz Ice Cream want to know. Send to Kim@BeeCulture.com today!

 



 

Tuesday, 6 April 2010

Central Beekeepers Alliance : The Secret of Hive Temperature Control: Heater Bees

Central Beekeepers Alliance : The Secret of Hive Temperature Control: Heater Bees


The Secret of Hive Temperature Control: Heater Bees

Posted: 05 Apr 2010 06:00 AM PDT

It’s long been understood that different bees have a range of different jobs within the colony. We also know that bees fan their wings to move air around in the hive to regulate the temperature and cluster over the brood to keep it warm.

By carefully regulating the temperature of each pupae, they change the way it develops and the likelihood of the role it will fulfill when it emerges as an adult.

Now, bee researchers have learned special “heater bees” act like a “living radiator” to carefully control the brood temperatures to determine what role the mature bees will fill in the colony — and those empty cells aren’t a problem but a necessary part of how the heater bees function.

According to Dr Jurgen Tautz, head of the bee group at Würzburg University in Germany and author of The Buzz About Bees: Biology of a Superorganism, “By carefully regulating the temperature of each pupae, they change the way it develops and the likelihood of the role it will fulfil when it emerges as an adult.”

Developing bees that are kept at 34°C in their sealed cells will grow up to be housekeeping bees, the ones who clean the hive and feed the brood. Just one degree higher in temperature, and the bees will grow up to be foragers, going out into the fields to find nectar and pollen to bring back to the hive. And it is the “heater bees” who fine-tune the temperature for the developing brood, and effectively decide what roles will be filled by each, making sure that enough bees will be available to fill each important job in the colony.

Now we know that these empty cells are important, then bee keepers can try to avoid selecting for queens that don’t leave these cells empty.

“By creeping into empty cells, one heater bee can transmit heat to 70 pupae around them. It is a central heating system for the colony,” Dr Tautz told the UK Telegraph, in a recent article, Honey bees secret world of heat revealed. “Now we know that these empty cells are important, then bee keepers can try to avoid selecting for queens that don’t leave these cells empty. It can help to ensure that colonies can regulate their temperature properly and have the right mix of individuals.”

The Secret of Hive Temperature Control: Heater Bees was written and published by the Central Beekeepers Alliance - Honey Bees & Beekeeping in New Brunswick, Canada. For more information, please visit http://cba.stonehavenlife.com.

  • No Related Post